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Nature of Scholarship in the Humanities and Sciences
Created by: Benjamin Brown, Jennifer Baugher, Maria Cutler, Erin Desmond, Jessica DiBeneditto
Introduction
The following is a list of published materials from a range of media, which focus on the broad idea of the intersections between the humanities and the sciences, or what we like to call “Fables and Formulas.”
In this bibliography you will find articles and books that concern themselves specifically with the challenges and delights of researchers in the humanities and in the sciences as they attempt to navigate the relevant and enriching information in these fields of research, which are often viewed as fundamentally opposed.
We hope that you find this information inspiring and enlightening and welcome any and all contributions to the below listings.
Bibliography
Snow, C. P. “The Two Cultures: And a Second Look”. New York: The New American Library, 1964.
C.P. Snow, a British physicist and novelist, originally delivered “The Two Cultures” as a lecture at Cambridge University in 1959, and touched off a debate that continues to this day. Drawing on his own experience as well as international examples and statistics, Snow argued that the scientific and literary communities do not understand each other, but must learn to in order for social progress to continue. This edition includes the original lecture and a response to criticisms of it, which Snow wrote four years later.
Bates, Marcia J. "Defining the Information Disciplines in Encyclopedia Development" Information Research. Vol. 12, no. 4 (Oct. 2007).
This article by Marcia J. Bates, a former University of Maryland professor and a preeminent scholar in Information Studies, is focused on the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, of which she is an editor. However it includes a chart of the spectrum of academic research disciplines, showing which ones fall under Arts, Humanities, Social & Behavioral Sciences, or Natural Sciences & Math categories. It also discusses the place of “meta-disciplines” such as Information and Communication Sciences, and Education.
Friedman, Jerome I., Peter Galison, and Susan Haack. "The Humanities and the Sciences". New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 2000.
Part of the ACLS Occasional Paper series, this panel session was originally presented May 1, 1999, in Philadelphia, PA, as part of the ACLS Annual Meeting.
Wallerstein, Immanuel, and Richard E. Lee. “Overcoming the Two Cultures: Science Versus the Humanities in the Modern World-system”. Boulder, Colo: Paradigm Publishers, 2004.
A collection of essays about the history and validity of the concept of a scientific culture vs. a humanistic culture.
Leach, James. “'Being In Between',” Social Analysis. vol. 49 iss. 1 (2005): p. 141-160.
James Leach is a Research and Director of studies in Anthropology at King's College Cambridge, and an Associate Lecturer in the department of social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. Since 2002 he has conducted research, dealing with art-science collaborations and open source software programers in the United Kingdom. In this article he argues that one of the main benefits of art-science collaborations is communication; not the communication between the disciplines but between scientists, technologists and society. Artists act as mediators, breaking down the perception that technology is running out of control. The New Technology Arts Fellowships (NTAF) was an experiment in 2001-2002 to evaluate the process of communication. It was also an effort to take technology and science back from the venture capitalists, returning it to society. Art's value lies in its ability to reframe the consciousness, changing the perception of
science and technology in public mind.
Wenham, Martin. “Art and Science in Education: The Common Ground,” Journal of Art & Design Education. vol 17 iss. 1 (1998).
Recent work aimed at establishing a rational, objective basis for aesthetics and the arts repudiates the division between the 'two cultures' which is used politically to justify marginalization of the arts in education and society. Far from weakening this cultural division, however, such writing and research has reinforced it. With the aim of reversing this trend, it is argued that 'scientism' is a myth, that objectivity of knowledge in science is comparable but not superior to that in aesthetics and the arts, and that polarization of the 'two cultures' and marginalization of the arts is based on ideology, not reason. There is and always has been significant common ground between art and science, encompassing not only issues of mutual concern but also modes of enquiry, many of which are far more similar than is commonly supposed. A consideration of some of the similarities and differences between art and science shows that there is no fundamental division between them: both are part of one culture, not paradigms of two. This observation leads to ideas on the possible re-integration of art and science in education, particularly through development of observation and common curriculum content.
Kemp, Martin. “From science in art to the art of science,” Nature. vol. 434 iss. 7031 (2005): p. 308-309.
For more than 30 years, Martin Kemp has either authored or co-authored well reviewed books and dozens, if not hundreds, of articles about how art and science are related. He is considered one of the world's leading authorities on Leonardo da Vinci. He also has been an art historian, curator of exhibitions, served as a trustee at national galleries, and is now the Head of the Department of the History of Art at the University of Oxford. This article urges its reader to accept that the relationship between art and science is a complex dialogue, and not a superficial conversation about influences between the two. Kemp gives the reader many examples of specific artists, their works, and the fields of science to which their artwork relates. Artists have moved beyond the iconographical and illustrational. Artwork can illustrate physicists’ and astronomers’ mental models of scientific concepts, but eventually simply produces a sense of awe.
Rainsford, Dominic. “The bright light of science and the dim truth of art,” European Journal of English Studies. vol. 11 iss. 3 (2007): p. 285-300.
Some prominent scientists look forward to a time when science will explain everything and the humanities become redundant. This essay examines these claims and ways in which philosophers have responded to them. These responses often fail to acknowledge the pervasiveness of the scientific ambition that is at issue, and do not make use of the strongest counter-arguments, such as those concerning the fundamentally abstract and inaccessible nature of exhaustive scientific explanation. The article points to a kind of doubling of scepticism in the most ambitious scientific claims, and their affinity with religious and Utopian projections. Instead of espousing an anti-science or relativist viewpoint, the essay claims that a routine dependence upon science is compatible with acknowledgement of the possibility of radical scepticism, and that we have a rational and even scientific need for the natural sciences to be supplemented by philosophy and literature (exemplified here by Keats's 'Ode to Psyche').
Gruenwald, Oskar. “The Third Culture: An Integral vision of the human condition,” Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. vol. 17 iss. 1/2 (2005): p. 139-160.
This essay explores a new conceptual paradigm for bridging the gulf separating what C. P. Snow called The Two Cultures—science and the humanities. Central to this rainbow paradigm is a more unified, holistic, and integral understanding of human life in society. A fruitful science-theology dialogue presupposes a much broader context of a revitalized Third Culture which weaves together insights from all the arts and sciences, social sciences and humanities. The essay thus invokes the incarnational dimension of man as God's creation and truth as the Logos or ultimate Reality. The conclusion follows that a new lingua franca—a more felicitous conceptual understanding focusing on man as the missing link—requires integrative insights across all disciplines. Such an integral vision of what it means to be fully human reflects a sapiential, existential, and eschatological challenge of unity in diversity, that is, a truly human culture or a culture of cultures.
Other Resources of Interest:
Hayles, N. Katherine, ed. Chaos and Order: Complex Dynamics in Literature and Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Hayles, N. Katherine. Chaos Bound: Orderly disorder in contemporary literature and science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.
Hayles, N. Katherine. The Cosmic Web: Scientific Models and Literary Strategies in the Twentieth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Livingston, Ira. Between Science and Literature: An Introduction to Autopoetics. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
Livingston, Ira. Arrow of Chaos: Romanticism and Postmodernity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
Thiher, Allen. Fiction Refracts Science: Modernists Writers from Proust to Borges. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005.
Thiher, Allen. Fiction Rivals Science: The French Novel from Balzac to Proust. Columbia: University of Missouri Press: 2001.
Introduction
The following is a list of published materials from a range of media, which focus on the broad idea of the intersections between the humanities and the sciences, or what we like to call “Fables and Formulas.”
In this bibliography you will find articles and books that concern themselves specifically with the challenges and delights of researchers in the humanities and in the sciences as they attempt to navigate the relevant and enriching information in these fields of research, which are often viewed as fundamentally opposed.
We hope that you find this information inspiring and enlightening and welcome any and all contributions to the below listings.
Bibliography
Snow, C. P. “The Two Cultures: And a Second Look”. New York: The New American Library, 1964.
C.P. Snow, a British physicist and novelist, originally delivered “The Two Cultures” as a lecture at Cambridge University in 1959, and touched off a debate that continues to this day. Drawing on his own experience as well as international examples and statistics, Snow argued that the scientific and literary communities do not understand each other, but must learn to in order for social progress to continue. This edition includes the original lecture and a response to criticisms of it, which Snow wrote four years later.
Bates, Marcia J. "Defining the Information Disciplines in Encyclopedia Development" Information Research. Vol. 12, no. 4 (Oct. 2007).
This article by Marcia J. Bates, a former University of Maryland professor and a preeminent scholar in Information Studies, is focused on the Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science, of which she is an editor. However it includes a chart of the spectrum of academic research disciplines, showing which ones fall under Arts, Humanities, Social & Behavioral Sciences, or Natural Sciences & Math categories. It also discusses the place of “meta-disciplines” such as Information and Communication Sciences, and Education.
Friedman, Jerome I., Peter Galison, and Susan Haack. "The Humanities and the Sciences". New York: American Council of Learned Societies, 2000.
Part of the ACLS Occasional Paper series, this panel session was originally presented May 1, 1999, in Philadelphia, PA, as part of the ACLS Annual Meeting.
Wallerstein, Immanuel, and Richard E. Lee. “Overcoming the Two Cultures: Science Versus the Humanities in the Modern World-system”. Boulder, Colo: Paradigm Publishers, 2004.
A collection of essays about the history and validity of the concept of a scientific culture vs. a humanistic culture.
Leach, James. “'Being In Between',” Social Analysis. vol. 49 iss. 1 (2005): p. 141-160.
James Leach is a Research and Director of studies in Anthropology at King's College Cambridge, and an Associate Lecturer in the department of social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. Since 2002 he has conducted research, dealing with art-science collaborations and open source software programers in the United Kingdom. In this article he argues that one of the main benefits of art-science collaborations is communication; not the communication between the disciplines but between scientists, technologists and society. Artists act as mediators, breaking down the perception that technology is running out of control. The New Technology Arts Fellowships (NTAF) was an experiment in 2001-2002 to evaluate the process of communication. It was also an effort to take technology and science back from the venture capitalists, returning it to society. Art's value lies in its ability to reframe the consciousness, changing the perception of
science and technology in public mind.
Wenham, Martin. “Art and Science in Education: The Common Ground,” Journal of Art & Design Education. vol 17 iss. 1 (1998).
Recent work aimed at establishing a rational, objective basis for aesthetics and the arts repudiates the division between the 'two cultures' which is used politically to justify marginalization of the arts in education and society. Far from weakening this cultural division, however, such writing and research has reinforced it. With the aim of reversing this trend, it is argued that 'scientism' is a myth, that objectivity of knowledge in science is comparable but not superior to that in aesthetics and the arts, and that polarization of the 'two cultures' and marginalization of the arts is based on ideology, not reason. There is and always has been significant common ground between art and science, encompassing not only issues of mutual concern but also modes of enquiry, many of which are far more similar than is commonly supposed. A consideration of some of the similarities and differences between art and science shows that there is no fundamental division between them: both are part of one culture, not paradigms of two. This observation leads to ideas on the possible re-integration of art and science in education, particularly through development of observation and common curriculum content.
Kemp, Martin. “From science in art to the art of science,” Nature. vol. 434 iss. 7031 (2005): p. 308-309.
For more than 30 years, Martin Kemp has either authored or co-authored well reviewed books and dozens, if not hundreds, of articles about how art and science are related. He is considered one of the world's leading authorities on Leonardo da Vinci. He also has been an art historian, curator of exhibitions, served as a trustee at national galleries, and is now the Head of the Department of the History of Art at the University of Oxford. This article urges its reader to accept that the relationship between art and science is a complex dialogue, and not a superficial conversation about influences between the two. Kemp gives the reader many examples of specific artists, their works, and the fields of science to which their artwork relates. Artists have moved beyond the iconographical and illustrational. Artwork can illustrate physicists’ and astronomers’ mental models of scientific concepts, but eventually simply produces a sense of awe.
Rainsford, Dominic. “The bright light of science and the dim truth of art,” European Journal of English Studies. vol. 11 iss. 3 (2007): p. 285-300.
Some prominent scientists look forward to a time when science will explain everything and the humanities become redundant. This essay examines these claims and ways in which philosophers have responded to them. These responses often fail to acknowledge the pervasiveness of the scientific ambition that is at issue, and do not make use of the strongest counter-arguments, such as those concerning the fundamentally abstract and inaccessible nature of exhaustive scientific explanation. The article points to a kind of doubling of scepticism in the most ambitious scientific claims, and their affinity with religious and Utopian projections. Instead of espousing an anti-science or relativist viewpoint, the essay claims that a routine dependence upon science is compatible with acknowledgement of the possibility of radical scepticism, and that we have a rational and even scientific need for the natural sciences to be supplemented by philosophy and literature (exemplified here by Keats's 'Ode to Psyche').
Gruenwald, Oskar. “The Third Culture: An Integral vision of the human condition,” Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. vol. 17 iss. 1/2 (2005): p. 139-160.
This essay explores a new conceptual paradigm for bridging the gulf separating what C. P. Snow called The Two Cultures—science and the humanities. Central to this rainbow paradigm is a more unified, holistic, and integral understanding of human life in society. A fruitful science-theology dialogue presupposes a much broader context of a revitalized Third Culture which weaves together insights from all the arts and sciences, social sciences and humanities. The essay thus invokes the incarnational dimension of man as God's creation and truth as the Logos or ultimate Reality. The conclusion follows that a new lingua franca—a more felicitous conceptual understanding focusing on man as the missing link—requires integrative insights across all disciplines. Such an integral vision of what it means to be fully human reflects a sapiential, existential, and eschatological challenge of unity in diversity, that is, a truly human culture or a culture of cultures.
Other Resources of Interest:
Hayles, N. Katherine, ed. Chaos and Order: Complex Dynamics in Literature and Science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1991.
Hayles, N. Katherine. Chaos Bound: Orderly disorder in contemporary literature and science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.
Hayles, N. Katherine. The Cosmic Web: Scientific Models and Literary Strategies in the Twentieth Century. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1984.
Livingston, Ira. Between Science and Literature: An Introduction to Autopoetics. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2006.
Livingston, Ira. Arrow of Chaos: Romanticism and Postmodernity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
Thiher, Allen. Fiction Refracts Science: Modernists Writers from Proust to Borges. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005.
Thiher, Allen. Fiction Rivals Science: The French Novel from Balzac to Proust. Columbia: University of Missouri Press: 2001.
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